CW Operating Aids
|
To Engage Multimedia Mode Press Play |
| A ·- B -··· C -·-· D -·· E · F ··-· G --· H ···· I ·· |
J ·--- K -·- L ·-·· M -- N -· O --- P ·--· Q --·- R ·-· |
S ··· T - U ··- V ···- W ·-- X -··- Y -·-- Z --·· 1 ·---- |
2 ··--- 3 ···-- 4 ····- 5 ····· 6 -···· 7 --··· 8 ---·· 9 ----· 0 ----- |
| Period . ·-·-·- Comma , --··-- Slash / -··-· Plus + ·-·-· Equal = -···- Question ? ··--·· Open Parenthesis ( -·--· Close Parenthesis ) -·--·- Dash - -····- |
Quote " ·-··-· Underscore _ ··--·- Single Quote ' ·----· Colon : (or Divided By) ---··· Semicolon ; -·-·-· Dollar Sign $ ···-··- Warning .-..- Error ........ Repetition (ii ii) .. .. |
Some Common Abbreviations Used On CW
|
AA |
All after |
| BCI BCL BK BN BUG B4 |
Broadcast interference Broadcast listener Break; break me; break in All between; been Semi-automatic key Before |
|
C |
Yes |
| DE DLD - DLVD DR DX |
From, this is Delivered Dear Distance, foreign countries |
| ES | And, & |
| FB FM |
Fine business, excellent Frequency modulation |
| GA GB GBA GE GG GM GN GND GUD |
Go ahead Good-bye Give better address Good evening Going Good morning Good night Ground Good |
| HB HI HR HV HW |
Husband The telegraphic laugh; high Here, hear Have How |
| LID | A poor operator |
| MA, MILS MSG |
Milliamperes Message; prefix to radiogram |
| N NCS ND NIL NM NR NW |
No Net control station Nothing doing Nothing; I have nothing for you No more Number Now; I resume transmission |
| OB OC OM OP - OPR OT |
Old boy Old chap Old man Operator Old timer; old top |
| PBL PSE PWR PX |
Preamble Please Power Press |
| R RCD RCVR REF RFI RIG RPT RTTY RX |
Received as transmitted; are Received Receiver Refer to; referring to; reference Radio frequency interference Station equipment Repeat; I repeat Radioteletype Receiver |
| SASE SED SIG SINE SKED SRI SSB SVC |
Self-addressed, stamped envelope Said Signature; signal Operator's personal initials or nickname Schedule Sorry Single sideband Service; prefix to service message |
| T TFC TMW TNX - TKS TT TU TVI TX TXT |
Zero Traffic Tomorrow Thanks That Thank you Television interference Transmitter Text |
| UR URS |
Your; You're Yours |
| VFO VY |
Variable - frequency oscillator Very |
| WA WB WD WDS WKD WKG WL WUD WX |
Word after Word before Word Words Worked Working Well; will Would Weather |
| XCVR XMTR XTAL |
Transceiver Transmitter Crystal |
| YF YL YM |
Wife Young lady Young man |
| 73 88 |
Best regards Love and kisses |
Character Spacing and Calculating Morse Code Speed
The word PARIS is the standard for determining CW code speed. Each dit is one element, each dah is three elements, intra-character spacing is one element, inter-character spacing is three elements and inter-word spacing is seven elements. The word PARIS is exactly 50 elements.
Note that after each dit/dah of the letter P -- one element spacing is used except the last one. (Intra-Character).
After the last dit of P is sent, 3 elements are added (Inter-Character). After the word PARIS - 7 elements are used.
Thus:
P
di da da di
1 1 3 1 3 1 1 (3) = 14 elements
A
di da
1 1 3 (3) = 8 elements
R
di da di
1 1 3 1 1 (3) = 10 elements
I
1 1 1 (3) = 6 elements
S
di di di
1 1 1 1 1 [7] = 12 elements
Total = 50 elements
() = inter-character
[] = inter-word
If you send PARIS 5 times in a minute (5WPM) you have sent 250 elements (using correct spacing). 250 elements into 60 seconds per minute = 240 milliseconds per element.
13 words-per-minute is one element every 92.31 milliseconds.
The Farnsworth method sends the dits and dahs and intra-character spacing at a higher speed, then increasing the inter-character and inter-word spacing to slow the sending speed down to the overall speed. For example, to send at 5 wpm with 13 wpm characters in Farnsworth method, the dits and intra-character spacing would be 92.3 milliseconds, the dah would be 276.9 milliseconds, the inter-character spacing would be 1.443 seconds and inter-word spacing would be 3.367 seconds.
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